@Logan-Sims,

The original source doesn't get changed by any one. Changes to the code is controlled by version control. Probably the most popular usage of it is git and github. For example I, as a developer (which I am not), do not make changes to the code but get a copy of the code in a branch. I can modify the branch but not the original code. Any submission to change the original code I choose to make would be reviewed and then decided whether to accept some of the changes, all of the changes or none of the changes.

This has been a very effective means at controlling the original code so that the software doesn't get worse from intentional or unintentional changes.

Other's that know details about this may jump in and provide more details.

@Niklas-Angelid,

I tried to browse to see if there were any company like Kaplan, MeasureUp that had practice exam but there were not that I could find besides "braindumps" which I don't recommend.

I did find this: http://www.penguintutor.com/quiz/

I cannot say the validity of this...I will say for LPIC, which I have no experience...I did try a 25 question practice exam...it seem to be what I would expect for LPIC-1

Yeah - it can get troublesome with the different terminology often used interchangeably.

Check out the nice write up on this (I did NOT watch the video) here:

https://serversforhackers.com/c/linux-acls

And of course, let us know if you have further questions. Our main resident expert in Linux returns tomorrow. :-)

@Romulo-Ernesto-Romero,

Great job getting it to work!

Hello Pierre!

Since you are asking about an expert opinion in the area of Linux - we all know you mean @don Pezet! I know my way around the Linux CLI pretty darn well now, but I do not have enough experience with Linux to be able to answer your excellent questions.

I will alert him to this query when he returns!

@Don-Pezet Can you also please explain while I am going to be installing this as main OS in my laptop, what option should I select? Server with GUI or Workstation? What are your recommendations?, RED HAT is bit overwhelming as I am getting into it. Too many options!

@Don-Pezet I found with many users who want to go to Linux, they are novices. I found Linux has a learning curve. Linux support online is not always easy to find. Linux doesn't support a lot of hardware fully. Drivers are hard to find and install. Many users on these forums run into issues. Don't understand how to back up Linux to save pictures and files. Linux updates and fill up these device quickly. You need to understand the autoremove and autoclean commands or you will fill it and it won't boot. Storage is an issue with them for files and pictures.

You can get old PC hardware that will run Linux great and not at the limitation of a Pi. I use Ubuntu 20.04 LTS because it is supported for 5 years. I used Fedora and CentOS in the past. Fedora web server would crash on updates.

My web site has all my linux notes from over a decade of using it. Ubuntu and Debian flavors are more forgiving then Fedora for most hardware. Raspberry Pi devices are act up on many flavors of Linux. I belong to many Pi and Arduino groups and users have issues with the limitations of these devices.

Buying a Windows 10 workstation is cheap now a days. They can game on most of them. Free software is available as shareware. Much of it is simple install and use. VEEAM community is my favorite backup software for Windows, Linux, and VMWare. You can do 10 devices.

The Ubuntu 20.04 servers for CLI only. The only method was using ethtool commands. I searched for a way to add it to the netplan files or another way.

apt and apt-get do maintain separate databases for the updates. For the most part, you can switch between the two without issue. However, there are certain scenarios that apt handles well, but will completely trip up apt-get. In your example, using apt to install pkg2 would not cause pkg0 to be reinstalled. Both utilities are able to see what software packages have been installed regardless of which tool installed them. So from that point of view, the two utilities play nice together.

Where things get hairy is when it comes to updates. Let's say we have a package (pkg1) that depends on another package (lib1). We then install another program (pkg2) that also depends on lib1. So far, either tool can handle this situation. Now let's say an update comes out for pkg2 that requires a newer version of lib1. Both tools will detect that, but apt-get will often be oblivious to the fact that updating pkg2 and lib1 may potentially break pkg1. apt on the other hand will see that updating lib1 would effect both pkg1 and pkg2, and hold the updates to a version supported by both, or manage simlinks in a way that each application can use the necessary versions.

There are a ton of exceptions to this and many other scenarios that apply, but I think that is a decent example of where one tool excels over the other.

First rule I learned was don't elevate a user to sudoers. With all the malware and viruses, you don't want to run an Administrator account. Sudo su will handle these needs.

EXT 2, 3, and 4 are technically the same filesystem with different features enabled. EXT3's big feature was journaling. EXT4's big feature was support for much larger files. I apologize if I misstated this in the video.

The answer to question 1 is that it is normal behavior. In the background setfacl uses a permissions mask. No ACL entry can have permissions that exceed the default POSIX group's permissions. So when you create an ACL entry it will increase the default POSIX permissions to match the highest permission you have granted in the ACL. For example:

dpezet@Dons-Server:~$ touch test2.txt dpezet@Dons-Server:~$ chmod 000 test2.txt dpezet@Dons-Server:~$ ls -l test2.txt ---------- 1 dpezet dpezet 0 Dec 7 22:11 test2.txt dpezet@Dons-Server:~$ setfacl -m u:root:r test2.txt dpezet@Dons-Server:~$ ls -l test2.txt ----r-----+ 1 dpezet dpezet 0 Dec 7 22:11 test2.txt

I granted the root user read-only permissions, so it bumped the default group permissions up to read-only as well. The default user and group permissions serve as the "mask" for the ACL permissions.

For your second question, I am not sure off hand. The root folder does have special permissions. Some are provided by the Kernel itself, and some from the umask set by the distro. It could also be blocked by AppArmor or SE Linux.

Hey @Bryan-Sullo

If it were me I would take a full offline backup of the system (like to some removable media) and then move the production data to a new backup directory on the local disk.

Then you can uninstall unifi then reinstall using apt and hopefully you can just copy your production data back to the new installation and all is well. And from then on you'd be on the apt system, but if it all goes sideways you can just restore from your backup drive.

If you can clone your system in to a VM that would be even better (unless it's a VM already). Then you can just take a snapshot of the system, try a few things, and if it doesn't work then restore to snapshot and try something else.

Not sure if that is a viable solution for you, but it may be worth a shot.

Cheers,
Daniel

Thank you so much for pointing this out! With those massive CompTIA blueprints, there is the occasional sub bullet that might not receive explicit coverage in the course. But rest assured, our CompTIA instructors are being very careful to provide the information you need for success!

And also, many times, we might not elaborate in class on every option. So for example, when teaching Cloud+, I might discuss the AWS and Azure methods, but omit GCP and IBM just from a time perspective and the fact that the logic will be the same in those platforms.

I did want to include this cool example I found of an engineer booting Fedora for install from HTTP.

https://apuntesderootblog.wordpress.com/2015/01/15/booting-linux-from-http/

As you are watching our Linux episodes, pay close attention to the options that your instructor calls out. Those are the BIG ones you would need to know for sure.

You can also use the Web for research on this. For example, check out this post on the SHUTDOWN command. While there are many options with this command, this author shows us the most common usages of the command with options. It is highly unlikely that your exam goes beyond these!

Keep up the awesome work in your studies!

I had this exact same question! Many consider the LPIC cert path to be a bit more intense. Both the LPIC and Linux+ are equally respected in the industry - so I think we are really "splitting hairs" here.

You might want to examine your overall time budget and your testing fee budget in order to make a determination for yourself. I will probably do both, but that is only because I am Cert freak like that. :-) And also, Don is paying for my exams!

Thank you

Thanks Ronnie

Being the source of the Windows we wanted to try if we were able to use the RDP for both windows and linux client, windows installing additional software.

Maybe we will try VNC!

Thanks